Table 5 Performance comparison of MPPT techniques (T = 25 °C, G = 1000 W/m2).

From: Improving photovoltaic water pumping system performance with ANN-based direct torque control using real-time simulation

Publication reference

MPPT controllers

Response time(s)

Oscillation (W) power

Efficiency (%)

1

P&O

0.013

4.87

93.55

44

INC

0.01

2.96

94.6

16

KF-MPPT

0.009

0.8

97.7

Proposed technique

ANN-MPPT

0.003

0.4

98.90

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