Table 2 Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of PLWH and odds ratio of metabolic syndrome.

From: Prevalence and associated factors of metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV in a medical center of Northern Taiwan

Characteristic

All

MetS

No MetS

p value

Odds ratio (confidence interval)

n = 809

n = 81

n = 728

Sex, n (%)

 Male

790

80 (98.8)

710 (97.5)

0.711

1

 Female

19

1 (1.2)

18 (2.5)

0.49 (0.07–3.74)

Smoking, n (%)

 Non-smoker

538

58 (71.6)

480 (66.8)

0.737

1

 Smoker

250

22 (27.2)

228 (31.7)

0.80 (0.48–1.34)

 Ex-smoker

12

1 (1.2)

11 (1.5)

0.75 (0.01–5.93)

Age group, n (%)

 18–30

162

7 (8.6)

155 (21.3)

< 0.001

1

 31–40

328

28 (34.6)

300 (41.2)

2.07 (0.88–4.84)

 41–50

188

22 (27.2)

166 (22.8)

2.94 (1.22–7.06)

 51–60

105

19 (23.5)

86 (11.8)

4.89 (1.98–12.10)

 61+

26

5 (6.2)

21 (2.9)

5.27 (1.53–18.12)

HAART group, n (%)

 II

658

66 (81.5)

592 (81.3)

0.240

1

 PI

7

2 (2.5)

5 (0.7)

3.59 (0.68–18.86)

 NNRTI

144

13 (16.0)

131 (18.0)

0.89 (0.48–1.66)

VL group (copies/ml), n (%)

 < 200

777

78 (97.5)

699 (97.9)

0.686

1

 >=200

17

2 (2.5)

15 (2.1)

1.20 (0.27–5.32)

CD4 level (cells/µl), n (%)

 0–200

37

3 (3.8)

34 (4.8)

0.62

1

 201–400

151

11 (13.8)

140 (19.6)

N/A

 400+

607

66 (82.5)

541 (75.7)

N/A

 Treatment naïve

11

2 (18.2)

9 (81.8)

0.34

0.54 (0.12–2.56)

 RPR positive, n (%)

281

21 (26.3)

260 (36.5)

0.84

0.62 (0.37–1.04)

 Anti-HAV positive, n (%)

476

48 (62.3)

428 (61.8)

> 0.999

1.03 (0.63–1.67)

 Anti-HBs positive, n (%)

460

44 (56.4)

416 (59.6)

0.628

0.88 (0.55–1.41)

 Anti-HBc positive, n (%)

195

26 (49.1)

169 (34.8)

0.05

1.81 (1.02–3.19)

 HbsAg positive, n (%)

59

9 (11.8)

50 (7.2)

0.168

1.74 (0.82–3.70)

 Anti-HCV positive, n (%)

118

14 (17.7)

104 (14.9)

0.509

1.23 (0.67–2.27)

 HTN, n (%)

223

68 (84.0)

155 (21.3)

< 0.001

19.34 (10.41–35.92)

 DM, n (%)

60

31 (38.3)

29 (4.0)

< 0.001

14.94 (8.35–26.74)

 Hypertriglyceridemia, n (%)

230

66 (81.5)

164 (22.5)

< 0.001

15.13 (8.41–27.22)

 HDL-C hypocholesterolemia, n (%)

258

69 (85.2)

189 (26.0)

< 0.001

16.40 (8.69–30.99)

 Obesity, n (%)

50

34 (42.0)

16 (2.2)

< 0.001

32.19 (16.58–62.50)

Age, mean (SD)

43.4 (10.7)

39 (10.3)

< 0.001

1.04 (1.02–1.06)

Duration of treatment (years), mean (SD)

9.1 (5.8)

7.9 (5.4)

0.075

1.04 (1.00-1.08)

Biochemical data, mean (SD)

Fasting Glucose (mg/dL)

125.1 (59.1)

95.1 (15.1)

< 0.001

1.04 (1.02–1.05)

Total cholesterol(mg/dL)

189.9 (37.5)

25.2 (34.8)

0.992

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

262.7 (238.6)

121.6 (111.4)

< 0.001

1.01 (1.00-1.01)

Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.1 (0.3)

1.1 (0.6)

0.93

0.98 (0.65–1.49)

LDL-C (mg/dL)

112.6 (33.5)

117.8 (29.8)

0.154

0.99 (0.99-1.00)

HDL-C (mg/dL)

37.2 (5.7)

49.1 (10.9)

< 0.001

0.86 (0.83–0.89)

HbA1c (%)

6.4 (1.7)

5.4 (0.5)

< 0.001

3.07 (2.23–4.22)

hs-CRP (mg/dL)

0.3 (0.4)

0.2 (0.5)

0.115

1.35 (0.91–1.99)

HOMA-IR index

5.7 (6.8)

2 (3.1)

< 0.001

1.19 (1.12–1.27)

ASCVD Risk Score

8.7 (9.7)

3.2 (4.9)

< 0.001

1.11 (1.07–1.15)

Framingham Risk Score

6.6 (7.0)

3.5 (4.7)

< 0.001

1.09 (1.05–1.14)

  1. HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; II, intergrase inhibitor-based regimen; PI, protease inhibitors based regimen; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; VL, viral load; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MetS, metabolic syndrome.
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