Table 1 Univariate analysis between SIRS and non SIRS groups in the training and validation set.

From: Constructing a machine learning model for systemic infection after kidney stone surgery based on CT values

Characteristics

Training set

 

Validation set

 

Non-SIRS

SIRS

Non-SIRS

SIRS

 

(n = 496)

(n = 87)

p

(n = 288)

(n = 75)

p

Gender ( Female )(n%)

184(37.097)

28(32.184)

0.380

74(35.071)

19(48.718)

0.105

Age (years), median[IQR]

53.000[44.000,60.000]

52.000[43.000,61.000]

0.893

52.389[39.223,65.555]

52.513[40.843,64.183]

0.956

BMI (kg/m²),median[IQR]

23.560[21.590,25.710]

24.240[22.220,26.490]

0.189

23.813[20.84,26.786]

23.891[20.601,27.181]

0.883

Diabete, (n%)

58(11.694)

17(19.540)

0.044

23(10.900)

5(12.821)

0.727

Hypertension, (n%)

134(27.016)

30(34.483)

0.153

55(26.066)

8(20.513)

0.463

Recurrent kidney stones, (n%)

154(31.048)

29(33.333)

0.672

64(30.332)

13(33.333)

0.709

Staghorn, n(%)

91(18.347)

37(42.529)

< 0.001

34(16.114)

19(48.718)

< 0.001

Number of stones, median[IQR]

2.000[1.000,3.000]

3.000[1.000,5.000]

0.002

2.000[1.000,3.000]

3.000[2.000,5.000]

0.003

Stone burden (mm²), median[IQR]

184.110[95.590,353.400]

388.590[178.600,741.680]

< 0.001

164.960[86.850,320.690]

396.330[264.810,636.320]

< 0.001

HU, median[IQR]

1206.800[789.330,1399.920]

872.700[705.130,1109.500]

< 0.001

1243.140[874.670,1386.440]

831.150[746.650,1073.730]

< 0.001

Degree of hydronephrosis(n%)

  

< 0.001

  

0.001

 None

59(11.895)

6(6.897)

 

20(9.479)

3(7.692)

 

 Light

261(52.621)

37(42.529)

 

122(57.820)

17(43.590)

 

 Medium

118(23.790)

20(22.989)

 

47(22.275)

6(15.385)

 

 Heavy

58(11.694)

24(27.586)

 

22(10.427)

13(33.333)

 

Urine pH, median[IQR]

6.000[5.500,6.500]

6.000[5.500,6.500]

0.498

6.000[5.500,6.500]

6.500[5.500,7.000]

0.205

Urine specifc gravity, median[IQR]

1.020[1.015,1.020]

1.020[1.015,1.025]

0.401

1.020[1.015,1.020]

1.020[1.015,1.020]

0.910

Positive urinary nitrite, (n%)

44(8.871)

12(13.793)

0.151

12(5.687)

4(10.256)

0.284

Positive urinary glucose, (n%)

24(4.839)

5(5.747)

0.719

12(5.687)

2(5.128)

0.889

Positive urinary protein, (n%)

192(38.710)

56(64.368)

< 0.001

80(37.915)

28(71.795)

< 0.001

Positive urine occult blood, (n%)

434(87.500)

77(88.506)

0.793

186(88.152)

35(89.744)

< 0.775

Positive ULE, (n%)

338(68.145)

70(80.460)

0.021

140(66.351)

32(82.051)

< 0.052

Positive urine turbidity, (n%)

147(29.637)

45(51.724)

< 0.001

56(26.540)

20(51.282)

0.002

Urine RBC, median[IQR]

2.000[1.000,3.000]

2.000[1.000,3.000]

0.500

2.000[1.000,3.000]

2.000[1.000,3.000]

0.858

Urine WBC, median[IQR]

2.000[1.000,3.000]

2.000[1.000,3.000]

0.112

2.000[1.000,3.000]

3.000[2.000,3.000]

< 0.001

Positive urine culture, (n%)

126(25.403)

38(43.678)

< 0.001

59(27.962)

23(58.974)

< 0.001

Positive urease producing bacteria(n%)

32(6.452)

22(25.287)

< 0.001

13(6.161)

8(20.513)

0.003

Serum uric acid(umol/L), median[IQR]

364.400[293.400,429.100]

399.400[329.550,483.700]

0.003

374.940[295.700,424.320]

379.100[309.610,449.340]

0.525

BUN (mmol/L), median[IQR]

82.400[69.140,104.300]

90.860[79.240,142.030]

0.002

86.340[69.990,102.770]

88.010[78.100,99.400]

0.311

Blood calcium (mmol/L), median[IQR]

2.38[2.310,2.460]

2.380[2.300,2.470]

0.881

2.401[2.280,2.522]

2.360[2.25,2.47]

0.054

Leukocytes counts, median[IQR]

6.580[5.430,7.900]

6.970[5.700,8.060]

0.281

6.640[5.650,8.080]

7.200[6.230,8.170]

0.094

Neutrophils, median[IQR]

63.800[57.700,70.700]

63.200[58.500,70.900]

0.845

65.181[54.277,76.085]

65.364[55.801,74.927]

0.922

Antibiotics before surgery (day), median[IQR]

1.000[1.000,3.000]

1.000[1.000,3.000]

0.116

1.00[0.000,3.000]

2.000[1.000,3.000]

0.021

Surgical methods(n%)

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 PCNL

285(57.460)

68(78.161)

 

111(52.607)

33(84.615)

 

 RIRS

211(42.540)

19(21.839)

 

100(47.393)

6(15.385)

 

Bilateral surgery, n(%)

49(9.879)

11(12.644)

0.434

22(10.427)

5(12.821)

0.658

Operation time, n(%)

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 <60 min

79(15.927)

4(4.598)

 

33(15.640)

2(5.128)

 

 60–120 min

289(58.266)

36(41.379)

 

129(61.137)

16(41.026)

 

 >120 min

128(25.806)

47(54.023)

 

49(23.223)

21(53.846)

 
  1. The bold numbers indicates statistically significant values. “Staghorn” refers to staghorn calculi, which are large kidney stones that should occupy the renal pelvis and branch into multiple calyces, forming a “staghorn” shape. BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; urine RBC, urine red blood cells; SD, standard deviation; ULE, urine leukocyte esterase; urine WBC, urine white blood cells; HU, hounsfield unit, CT value; PCNL, percutaneous nephrolithotomy; RIRS, Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery.
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