Table 2 Disproportionality analysis of vaccine-associated renal adverse reaction.

From: Global burden of vaccine-associated kidney injury using an international pharmacovigilance database

 

N

AKI

GN

TIN

 

total

N

IC (IC025)a

ROR (95% CI)b

N

IC (IC025)a

ROR (95% CI)b

N

IC (IC025)a

ROR (95% CI)b

  

observed

observed

observed

DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccines

7,77,222

118

-3.03 (-3.33)

0.12 (0.10-0.15)

215

1.13 (0.90)

2.21 (1.93-2.53)

25

-2.07 (-2.74)

0.23 (0.16-0.34)

Hepatitis A vaccines

60,558

18

-2.04 (-2.83)

0.24 (0.15-0.38)

45

2.48 (1.99)

5.91 (4.41-7.91)

9

0.11 (-1.03)

1.08 (0.56-2.08)

Hepatitis B vaccines

1,09,304

40

-1.75 (-2.28)

0.29 (0.22-0.40)

155

3.44 (3.18)

11.35 (9.69-13.3)

0

NA

NA

Rotavirus diarrhea vaccines

78,971

21

-2.20 (-2.93)

0.21 (0.14-0.33)

3

-1.58 (-3.65)

0.30 (0.10-0.93)

5

-1.05 (-2.61)

0.46 (0.19-1.11)

Pneumococcal vaccines

2,64,284

156

-1.07 (-1.34)

0.47 (0.40-0.55)

87

1.37 (1.01)

2.62 (2.12-3.23)

11

-1.68 (-2.7)

0.30 (0.17-0.55)

Influenza vaccines

3,46,453

363

-0.25 (-0.42)

0.84 (0.76-0.93)

304

2.78 (2.59)

7.08 (6.32-7.93)

31

-0.61 (-1.21)

0.65 (0.46-0.93)

MMR

2,20,053

12

-4.46 (-5.43)

0.04 (0.02-0.08)

85

1.60 (1.24)

3.07 (2.48-3.8)

4

-2.77 (-4.54)

0.13 (0.05-0.35)

Varicella zoster

2,03,900

66

-1.93 (-2.34)

0.26 (0.20-0.33)

37

0.52 (-0.03)

1.44 (1.04-1.99)

5

-2.37 (-3.94)

0.18 (0.07-0.43)

HPV vaccines

1,29,318

40

-1.99 (-2.52)

0.25 (0.18-0.34)

137

3.03 (2.75)

8.47 (7.16-10.02)

31

0.79 (0.19)

1.75 (1.23-2.48)

Meningococcal vaccines

1,44,492

34

-2.39 (-2.96)

0.19 (0.13-0.26)

55

1.57 (1.12)

3.02 (2.32-3.94)

4

-2.18 (-3.94)

0.20 (0.08-0.54)

Tuberculosis vaccines

33,415

30

-0.46 (-1.07)

0.72 (0.50-1.03)

1

-1.65 (-5.44)

0.24 (0.03-1.68)

6

0.35 (-1.06)

1.31 (0.59-2.91)

Typhoid vaccines

16,578

17

-0.27 (-1.09)

0.82 (0.51-1.33)

16

2.67 (1.83)

7.66 (4.69-12.51)

3

0.33 (-1.74)

1.32 (0.42-4.08)

Encephalitis vaccines

19,976

16

-0.62 (-1.46)

0.64 (0.39-1.05)

27

3.19 (2.54)

10.74 (7.36-15.67)

2

-0.38 (-2.97)

0.73 (0.18-2.91)

Anthrax vaccines

9,923

2

-2.36 (-4.95)

0.16 (0.04-0.65)

10

2.58 (1.51)

8.00 (4.30-14.87)

0

NA

NA

Cholera vaccines

2,310

7

1.15 (-0.15)

2.44 (1.16-5.12)

0

NA

NA

0

NA

NA

COVID-19 mRNA vaccines

32,30,266

4,326

1.14 (1.09)

2.38 (2.30-2.46)

1,852

2.98 (2.90)

13.41 (12.62-14.26)

200

1.22 (0.99)

2.43 (2.11-2.81)

Ad5-vectored COVID-19 vaccines

10,73,625

530

-0.30 (-0.44)

0.81 (0.74-0.88)

234

1.58 (1.36)

3.12 (2.73-3.56)

27

-0.07 (-0.71)

0.95 (0.65-1.39)

Inactivated whole-virus COVID-19 vaccines

35,287

4

-2.28 (-4.05)

0.19 (0.07-0.50)

1

-1.03 (-4.81)

0.39 (0.05-2.77)

0

NA

NA

Othersc

1,78,902

101

-1.14 (-1.47)

0.45 (0.37-0.55)

48

0.01 (-0.47)

1.01 (0.76-1.34)

11

1.10 (0.08)

2.27 (1.26-4.1)

  1. Note: The numbers in bold indicate a statistical significance.
  2. Abbreviations: Ad5, adenovirus type-5; AKI, acute kidney injury; CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; DTaP-IPV-Hib, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio and Hemophilus influenzae type b; GN, glomerulonephritis; HPV, human papillomavirus; IC, information component; Ntotal, number of case reports for a specific vaccine; Nobserved, number of case reports for a certain adverse reaction associated with a specific vaccine; MMR, measles, mumps and rubella; NA, non-available; ROR, reporting odds ratio; TIN, tubulointerstitial nephritis.
  3. aA positive value of the IC025 was considered significant.
  4. bA lower end of the ROR 95% CI ≥ 1 was considered significant.cOther vaccines included brucellosis, plague, typhus, leptospirosis, rabies, yellow fever, smallpox, Ebola, and dengue vaccines
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