Table 1 Summary of samples and analyses conducted for the characterization of the vitrified human brain found at Herculaneum buried by deposits from the 79CE Vesuvius eruption. See Method section for explanation of analytical methods.

From: Unique formation of organic glass from a human brain in the Vesuvius eruption of 79 CE

ID

Sample

Description

Analytical methods

ERC-2

C1

Several glass fragments from inside the skull

FE-SEM, EDS, Raman, Micro-CT, Calorimetry (C-DSC and F-DSC)

ERC-3

C2a

Glassy bone fragment from the chest

Raman

ERC-4a

C2b

Carbonaceous fragment from the chest

FE-SEM, EDS, Raman

ERC-26

C7

Single glass fragment from inside the skull

FE-SEM, EDS, Raman, Calorimetry (C-DSC), density

ERC-57

C102

Glassy fragment from the chest-5 A

FE-SEM, EDS

ERC-66

C117

Glass fragment from inside the skull

FE-SEM, EDS