Fig. 1

MPM images of TACS 1–8 in PDAC. TACS1: characterized by curved collagen fibers wrapping around emergent tumor foci; TACS2: characterized by stretched collagen fibers wrapping around tumor foci due to tumor growth; TACS3: characterized by collagen fibers perpendicular to tumor foci to facilitate tumor cell migration; TACS4: characterized by reticular distribution of collagen fibers adjacent to expanding tumor and leading to a clear tumor boundary; TACS5: characterized by directionally distributed collagen fibers in tumor boundary that enable tumor cell migration ; TACS6: characterized by chaotic distribution of collagen fibers in tumor boundary that enables multidirectional tumor cell migration; TACS7: characterized by densely-distributed collagen fibers at the tumor invasion front; TACS8: characterized by sparsely-distributed collagen fibers at the tumor invasion front. Scale bar: 100 μm.