Fig. 1

Hydroponic growth chart. (A) Comparison of the main roots of watermelon plants after two weeks of growth. (B) Effects of GO on the main root; 0, 75, 150, and 300 refer to different concentrations of GO. The error lines on the columns represent the standard deviation, and the “*” annotations on the chart represent significant differences between different treatments. (C) Effects of GO on stem length; 0, 75, 150, and 300 refer to different concentrations of GO. The error lines on the columns represent the standard deviation, and the “*” annotations on the chart represent significant differences between different treatments. (D) Effect of GO on overall length; 0, 75, 150, and 300 refer to different concentrations of GO. The error lines on the columns represent the standard deviation, and the “*” annotations on the chart represent significant differences between different treatments. (* p < = 0.05 ** p < = 0.01 *** p < = 0.001).