Table 4 Sensitivity analysis: weighted logistic regression of TC, HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C ratio in relation to osteoporosis prevalence after excluding individuals on lipid-lowering medications.

From: U-shaped association between TC/HDL-C ratio and osteoporosis risk in older adults

Characteristic

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

OR (95%CI)

p

OR (95%CI)

p

OR (95%CI)

p

TC/10

1.00(0.98,1.03)

0.89

0.95(0.92,0.98)

0.001

0.95(0.92,0.98)

0.002

HDL-C/10

1.22(1.15,1.29)

< 0.0001

1.07(1.00,1.15)

0.04

1.04(0.97,1.11)

0.25

TC/HDL-C

0.79(0.73,0.85)

< 0.0001

0.86(0.79,0.95)

0.002

0.89(0.82,0.98)

0.02

Q1

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Q2

0.76(0.57,1.00)

0.05

0.75(0.56,1.00)

0.05

0.83(0.62,1.11)

0.21

Q3

0.53(0.39,0.71)

< 0.0001

0.62(0.45,0.85)

0.004

0.72(0.52,1.00)

0.05

Q4

0.45(0.35,0.59)

< 0.0001

0.61(0.45,0.82)

0.001

0.71(0.52,0.97)

0.03

p for trend

 

< 0.0001

 

< 0.001

 

0.014

  1. Model 1: Unadjusted.
  2. Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, and race.
  3. Model 3: Adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), education level, marital status, ratio of family income to poverty (PIR), smoking status, alcohol use, physical activity (PA), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), cancer, steroid use, estrogen use, serum uric acid, serum albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum calcium, serum phosphorus, and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
  4. TC Total cholesterol, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval.
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