Fig. 2

A single systemic injection of tubastatin A induces rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects in the female encounter test. The effects on anhedonia, exploratory behavior, and social interaction were assessed at 24 h (A,C,E) and 8 days (B,D,F) after a single intraperitoneal injection of tubastatin A (TubA) or DMSO in chronic corticosterone (CORT)-treated mice. (A,B) Effects of TubA on anhedonia, measured as the preference for an unfamiliar female mouse over an unfamiliar male mouse. (C,D) Effects of TubA on locomotor activity during the 90-minute habituation period, considered as a measure of exploratory motivation in (C). (E,F) Effects of TubA on sociability, measured as the total social interaction time with both male and female intruder mice during the 10-minute test session. The data are expressed as the means ± SEMs (DMSO/control, n = 12; DMSO/CORT, n = 8; TubA/CORT, n = 9). Groups were compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.