Fig. 5

Relative expression of pathogenesis-related protein genes and defense genes in tomato roots and shoots after exposure to PP-AgNPs (100 µg/mL). Data presented as a mean ± SD of replicates showing substantial difference (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001) in parallel to the control by One-Way-ANOVA (p < 0.05) and Tukey’s-multiple comparison analysis using Graph-pad prism.