Table 6 Generalized mixed-effects model predicting non-verbal cues based on witnesses’ self-reported confidence in their statements.

From: Non-verbal cues in eyewitness testimonies do not predict accuracy or credibility assessments

Cue

OR [95% CI]

p

Fidgeting

0.99 [0.97, 1.01]

0.173

Illustrators

1.02 [1.00, 1.04]

0.086

Facial shielding

0.96 [0.90, 1.02]

0.199

Shrugs

0.99 [0.93, 1.04]

0.616

Head nods

1.00 [0.99, 1.02]

0.600

Head shakes

0.99 [0.97, 1.00]

0.068

Other body movement

0.99 [0.98, 1.01]

0.319

Smile

0.99 [0.96, 1.03]

0.655

Eye shifts

1.00 [0.99, 1.01]

0.731

Eyes closed

0.99 [0.97, 1.01]

0.445

Brow movement

0.99 [0.98, 1.00]

0.171

Other facial expressiveness

0.97 [0.96, 0.98]

 < 0.001

  1. Statistically significant p-values are boldfaced. The p-values are raw scores, with the Bonferroni corrected significance threshold of p = 0.004. Number of observations = 455. OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval. Odds Ratio measures the strength of association: OR > 1 indicates greater odds, OR = 1 indicates no difference, and OR < 1 indicates lower odds.
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