Table 5 CSD tests.

From: The key challenges and best alternatives to environmental sustainability: a comprehensive study

Variables

Pesaran’s test

Frees’ test

Friedman’s test

\(lnCFP\)

53.677***

12.665***

303.888***

\(lnUB\)

30.952***

17.456***

216.064***

\(lnY\)

80.200***

17.112***

456.328***

\(lnICT\)

81.006***

22.840***

525.468***

\(lnNRs\)

30.078***

4.938***

207.152***

\(lnRE\)

75.427***

19.289***

485.886***

\(lnCE\)

33.498***

10.300***

253.759***

  1. *** shows the significance level at 1%, respectively.