Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: Mastitis-related Staphylococcus aureus-derived extracellular vesicles induce a pro-inflammatory response in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages

Fig. 4

Effect of M5512B SaEVs on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (a) Diff-Quik staining of isolated bovine PBMCs. Scale bar: 10 μm. (b) Merged image of DNA staining (blue) and brightfield (BF, grey) imaging, showing the different nuclear compositions of the PBMCs. (c) Enlarged image illustrating that the PBMC composition includes lymphocytes (round-shaped nuclei, red arrow) and monocytes (kidney-shaped nuclei, white arrow). (d) Relative gene expression of pro-inflammatory genes in PBMCs 24 h after stimulation with PBS (control), non-EV secretion, SaEV, or LTA. Bar charts show the mean and standard deviation. Groups with different letters are statistically different from each other at a significance level of P < 0.05. (e) Interleukin 1B protein release in PBMCs 24 h after stimulation with PBS (control), non-EV secretion, SaEVs, or LTA.

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