Fig. 4

Flowchart of the steps to calculate mole fraction of toluene (target of the separation) in the internal phase for a system representing emulsion liquid membrane with a simple mechanism (no reaction). Initially the internal phase contained toluene and n-heptane, the membrane phase was assumed to be only water, and the external phase was n-dodecane. After separation, only toluene distributes between phases, as only toluene can transfer through the membrane phase.