Fig. 1

Ubiad1 expression associates with subcutaneous adipose tissue weight. (A, B) Locus plot showing the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and subcutaneous adipose tissue Ubiad1 expression on chromosome 4 in (A) male and (B) female HMDP mice. The significant associations between SNPs and Ubiad1 mRNA expression levels in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) are depicted as dots and refer to the p-value of the association (-log₁₀ of p-value), and location on chromosome 4. (C, D) Ubiad1 mRNA expression is significantly correlated with subcutaneous WAT mass in (C) male and (D) female mice. (E,F) Pathway enrichment analysis using the top 500 genes that were strongest correlated with Ubiad1 mRNA expression levels in the HMDP of (E) male, and (F) female mice. GO Biological process (GO BP) pathways were performed with positively correlated mRNAs (red) and negatively correlated mRNAs (blue) individually. The top 10 enriched pathways are presented. X-axis: P-value (-log10) of enriched terms. (G, H) Fold changes of UBIAD1 mRNA expression in the (G) adipocyte fraction and (H) stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of subcutaneous WAT of lean or obese human subjects. UBIAD1 mRNA was measured by Illumina microarrays. Data were normalized against the average UBIAD1 expression of lean individuals. Data in graphs are shown as means ± SD (n = 12 per group). P-values were calculated with unpaired t test. **p < 0.01. (I) Pathway enrichment analysis of the mRNAs that correlated strongest (366 positively and 264 negatively correlated; correlation coefficient >0.6) with UBIAD1 mRNA expression levels in adipocyte from subcutaneous WAT. PANTHER GO-Slim Biological Process pathway analyses³⁹ were performed individually with positively correlated mRNAs (red) and negatively correlated mRNAs (blue). The top 10 enriched pathways are presented. X-axis: p-value (-log10) of enriched terms.