Table 3 Factors associated with change in WOMAC pain at 6 months (n = 1060).

	Univariable			Multivariable
	ß (95% CI)	R²	p	ß (95% CI)	p
Age, years	0.04 (0.02, 0.07)	0.005	0.003	0.01 (− 0.01, 0.03)	0.311
Sex (Female vs Male)	− 0.84 (− 1.27, − 0.41)	0.010	< 0.001	− 0.51 (− 0.82, − 0.19)	0.002
Ethnicity (Non-Chinese vs Chinese)	− 0.30 (− 0.84, 0.24)	0.001	0.280	–	–
Type of arthroplasty (UKA vs TKA)	− 0.19 (− 0.93, 0.54)	< 0.001	0.610	–	–
Education level (Secondary or above vs Primary or below)	0.18 (− 0.22, 0.58)	0.001	0.388	–	–
BMI, kg/m²	− 0.07 (− 0.11, − 0.02)	0.009	0.002	0.03 (0.00, 0.07)	0.064
FCI (0–18)	− 0.26 (− 0.44, − 0.08)	0.008	0.005	− 0.14 (− 0.28, 0.00)	0.055
Radiographic severity of index knee (KL grade 4 vs KL grade 0–3)	− 0.73 (− 1.13, − 0.34)	0.013	< 0.001	− 0.45 (− 0.74, − 0.16)	0.002
HADS-A (0–21)	− 0.12 (− 0.17, − 0.07)	0.019	< 0.001	0.02 (− 0.03, 0.07)	0.400
HADS-D (0–21)	− 0.17 (− 0.23, − 0.11)	0.022	< 0.001	− 0.07 (− 0.14, 0.00)	0.038
LSNS (0–60)	− 0.03 (− 0.05,− 0.01)	0.005	0.012	− 0.01 (− 0.02, 0.01)	0.333
Baseline WOMAC total (0–96)	− 0.26 (− 0.29, − 0.24)	0.265	< 0.001	− 0.30 (− 0.33, − 0.28)	< 0.001
HSS-KRES (0–100)	− 0.05 (− 0.06, − 0.03)	0.026	< 0.001	− 0.01 (− 0.02, 0.01)	0.376
Post KA fulfilment of expectations at 6 months (0–100)	− 0.04 (− 0.05, − 0.04)	0.113	< 0.001	− 0.06 (− 0.07, − 0.06)	< 0.001

Bold: variables associated with change in WOMAC pain at 6 months in multivariable analysis.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FCI, Functional Comorbidity Index; HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety; HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression; HSS-KRES, Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Replacement Expectations Survey; KL, Kellgren and Lawrence; LSNS, Lubben Social Network Scale; TKA, total knee arthroplasty; UKA, uni-compartmental knee arthroplasty; vs, versus; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.

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