Fig. 1

Effect of green forage on genomic DNA methylation in the rumen of dairy buffaloes. (a) Principal component analysis that illustrates the methylation status of the CpG sites in all the samples. The blue and yellow dots represent samples of the Treated and Control groups, respectively. (b) MA plot showing differential methylation of all DMRs, reported as mean differential methylation versus the mean methylation between the two experimental groups. Red and green dots indicate the DMRs that are significantly hypermethylated and hypomethylated, respectively, in the Treated versus Control groups. Black dots are the DMRs whose differential methylation did not reach the statistical significance between the two experimental groups. (c) Left: Number of total DMRs, hypo-DMRs and hyper-DMRs identified in Treated versus Control animals. Right: Percentage of CpG sites included in total DMRs, hypo-DMRs and hyper-DMRs with respect to the total number of CpG sites in the Bubalus bubalis genome.