Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants.
From: Impact of tea and coffee consumption during pregnancy on children’s cognitive development
Characteristics | Distributions |
|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |
Maternal educational level [n (%)] | |
Junior high school or below | 8(0.6) |
Senior middle school | 507(35.6) |
Junior college or above | 908(63.8) |
Annual household income (million yuan)*[n (%)] | |
<5 | 192(13.5) |
5–10 | 698(49.1) |
10–20 | 412(29.0) |
20–30 | 95(6.7) |
>30 | 24(1.7) |
Maternal characteristics | |
Maternal age, years (Mean ± SD) | 28.7 ± 4.0 |
Body mass index before pregnancy*[n (%)] | |
Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | 227(16.0) |
Normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24.9) | 1028(72.2) |
Overweight obesity (BMI ≥ 24.9) | 164(11.5) |
Maternal occupation [n (%)] | |
Brain work | 637(44.8) |
Manual work | 509(35.8) |
Other | 88(6.2) |
No work | 189(13.3) |
Smoking during pregnancy*[n (%)] | |
Yes | 30(2.1) |
No | 1389(97.6) |
Passive smoking*[n (%)] | |
Never | 450(31.7) |
Once in a while | 632(44.5) |
Nearly everyday | 337(23.7) |
Alcohol during pregnancy*[n (%)] | |
Yes | 352(24.7) |
No | 1067(75.0) |
Vomiting during pregnancy*[n (%)] | |
Yes | 987(69.6) |
No | 432(30.4) |
Folic acid consumption during pregnancy*[n (%)] | |
Yes | 1091(76.7) |
No | 307(21.6) |
Hypertension during pregnancy*[n (%)] | |
Yes | 13(0.9) |
No | 1302(91.5) |
Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy*[n (%)] | |
Yes | 317(22.3) |
No | 998(70.1) |
Pregnancy anxiety level*(Mean ± SD) | 39.5 ± 8.0 |
Pregnancy depression level*(Mean ± SD) | 13.7 ± 7.9 |
Pregnancy stress level*(Mean ± SD) | 12.8 ± 5.4 |
Children’s characteristics | |
Age*(Mean ± SD) | 2.9 ± 0.3 |
Gender*[n (%)] | |
Boys | 752 |
Girls | 668 |
Gestational weeks*(Mean ± SD) | 38.9 ± 1.4 |
Neonatal weight (g)*(Mean ± SD) | 3353.2 ± 463.4 |
Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months*[n (%)] | |
Yes | 633(44.5) |
No | 603(49.4) |
