Table 1 Comparative results of demographic and anthropometric indicators.

Sex (male/female)

22/16

9/9

23/8

38/11

4.963^χ2

Age (year)

46 ± 11

47 ± 9

48 ± 13

47 ± 2

0.916

Duration (year)

–

–

1.31 ± 0.59

11.86 ± 1.76

52.933

Height (m)

168.61 ± 1.30

165.54 ± 2.06

170.00 ± 4.70

174.81 ± 1.64

2.154

Weight (kg)

66.98 ± 1.90

70.80 ± 2.92

89.00 ± 4.39^aΔb#

86.75 ± 3.54^aΔb#

13.728

BMI (kg/m²)

23.50 ± 0.52

25.20 ± 1.38

28.26 ± 0.91^aΔ

29.01 ± 0.70^aΔ

14.748

FBG (mmol/L)

–

6.54 ± 0.72

8.43 ± 0.42

7.35 ± 0.39^b*

3.425

2hOGTT (mmol/L)

–

8.54 ± 0.46

15.14 ± 1.88^bΔ

16.32 ± 0.92^bΔ

35.840

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

–

6.28 ± 0.34

10.18 ± 0.66^bΔ

8.50 ± 0.48^b#c*

23.412

Scr (umol/L)

–

60.06 ± 2.99

68.43 ± 5.64^b*

72.46 ± 6.16

5.735

BUN (mmol/L)

–

3.97 ± 0.33

3.92 ± 0.28

5.51 ± 0.44^c*

3.306

TG (mmol/L)

–

1.56 ± 0.45

1.97 ± 0.63

3.08 ± 0.54

1.294

CHOL (mmol/L)

–

5.13 ± 0.53

5.71 ± 0.29

5.72 ± 0.24

0.580

HDL-C (mmol/L)

–

1.33 ± 0.12

1.22 ± 0.13

1.14 ± 0.08

1.559

LDL-C (mmol/L)

–

3.38 ± 0.40

3.84 ± 0.18

3.84 ± 0.19

0.760

ALT(u/L)

–

20.91 ± 2.03

23.63 ± 2.95

42.82 ± 9.41^b*

4.440

AST (u/L)

–

20.29 ± 1.57

24.21 ± 3.87

36.43 ± 7.27^b*

5.190