Table 1 Solar radio burst classifications with its characteristics.
Type | Characteristics | Duration | Frequency range | Associated phenomena |
|---|---|---|---|---|
I | Short bursts with limited bandwidth, are often seen in large numbers alongside a continuous signal | Single burst: \(\sim\) 1 second storm: hours–days | 80–200 MHz | Active regions, flares, eruptive prominences |
II | Bursts exhibit low-frequency drift, usually accompanied by a varying second harmonic | 3–30 min | 20–150 MHz | Proton emission, flares, and magnetohydrodynamic shockwaves |
III | Rapidly drifting bursts that can occur alone, in groups, or storms, often with a continuous underlying signal. They may also have a second harmonic | Single burst: 1–3 s group: 1–5 min storm: minutes–hours | 10 kHz–1GHz | Active regions, flares |
IV | Broadband continuum with intricate structure, referred to as stationary type IV | Hours–days | 20 MHz–2GHz | Flares, proton emission |
V | Smooth and short-lived continuity, observed after some type III explosions. It never occurs independently | 1–3 min | 10–200 MHz | Same as type III bursts |
