Table 4 Grain and straw yields of wheat under different levels of phosphorus in conjunction with nano DAP application.

From: Nano DAP augments productivity, phosphorus use efficiency, and profitability of spring wheat

Treatmetn

Grain yield (t ha−1)

Straw yield (t ha−1)

Harvest index (%)

2022–23

2023–24

2022–23

2023–24

2022–23

2023–24

P0

3.45g

5.45f

7.56f

7.87g

31.84

40.91

P50

3.65fg

5.68e

7.82ef

8.15fg

32.15

41.07

P50 + Nano2.5 ml L−1

3.85ef

5.86cde

8.12de

8.36def

32.16

41.21

P50 + Nano5 ml L−1

3.96de

5.93bcd

8.35cd

8.48bcde

32.04

41.16

P75

3.84ef

5.75de

8.14de

8.24ef

32.42

41.10

P75 + Nano2.5 ml L−1

4.16bcd

5.95bcd

8.67bc

8.56bcd

32.47

40.92

P75 + Nano5 ml L−1

4.25bc

6.04abc

8.85b

8.69abc

32.42

41.01

P100

4.15cd

5.85cde

8.65bc

8.38cdef

32.49

41.10

P100 + Nano2.5 ml L−1

4.36b

6.13ab

9.06b

8.75ab

32.53

41.20

P100 + Nano5 ml L−1

4.65a

6.25a

9.64a

8.89a

31.84

41.28

LSD (p = 0.05)

0.21

0.22

0.42

0.32

NS

NS

  1. Values represent means from three replicates. Mean values followed by different letters are significantly different at p = 0.05 using Tukey’s honestly significant difference test.