Fig. 2

Viability of keratinocytes under UVB irradiation and RRT extract treatment. (a) Keratinocyte viability after 24-h treatment with varying concentrations of RRT extract. (b) Flow chart of keratinocytes with UVB and RRT extract processing. (c) Morphological (magnification: ×20) and viability assessments of keratinocytes after UVB radiation and RRT extract treatment. Statistical analysis involved one-way ANOVA and paired two-tailed t-tests, with significance denoted as ###P < 0.001, ##P < 0.01, #P < 0.05 relative to the control group, and ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05 relative to the control group.