Table 1 Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of STEMI patients according 30-day survival status in the derivation and internal validation dataset.
Variable | Derivation dataset | Internal validation dataset | P value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALL (N = 2757) | Survivor (N = 2507) | Non-survivor (N = 250) | P value | ALL (N = 1182) | Survivor (N = 1080) | Non-survivor (N = 102) | P value | ||
Demographic characteristic | |||||||||
Age, years, median(IQR) | 63.1(52.6,71.0) | 62.2(51.9,70.0) | 73.0(65.6,80.4) | < 0.001 | 62.9(52.7,71.3) | 62.1(52.0,69.5) | 75.9(67.7,82.7) | < 0.001 | 0.985 |
Age group, n (%) | |||||||||
< 60 years | 1114(40.4) | 1084(43.2) | 30(12.0) | < 0.001 | 484(41.0) | 469(43.4) | 15(14.7) | < 0.001 | 0.633 |
60–74 years | 1186(43.0) | 1074(42.8) | 112(44.8) | 491(41.5) | 460(42.6) | 31(30.4) | |||
>=75 years | 457(16.6) | 349(13.9) | 108(43.2) | 207(17.5) | 151(14.0) | 56(54.9) | |||
Female, n (%) | 666(24.2) | 552(22.0) | 114(45.6) | < 0.001 | 296(25.0) | 249(23.1) | 47(46.1) | < 0.001 | 0.553 |
Risk factors | |||||||||
Hypertension, n (%) | 1230(44.6) | 1100(43.9) | 130(52.0) | 0.014 | 538(45.5) | 487(45.1) | 51(50.0) | 0.341 | 0.602 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 1556(56.4) | 1428(57.0) | 128(51.2) | 0.080 | 656(55.5) | 620(57.4) | 36(35.3) | < 0.001 | 0.586 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 489(17.7) | 426(17.0) | 63(25.2) | 0.001 | 212(17.9) | 180(16.7) | 32(31.4) | < 0.001 | 0.881 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 1116(40.5) | 1061(42.3) | 55(22.0) | < 0.001 | 470(39.8) | 454(42.0) | 16(15.7) | < 0.001 | 0.675 |
SMuRFs, n (%) | 2430(88.1) | 2215(88.4) | 215(86.0) | 0.273 | 1027(86.9) | 947(87.7) | 80(78.4) | 0.008 | 0.272 |
Medical history | |||||||||
Heart failure, n (%) | 30(1.1) | 22(0.9) | 8(3.2) | 0.002 | 10(0.9) | 7(0.7) | 3(2.9) | 0.048 | 0.487 |
Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 189(6.9) | 173(6.9) | 16(6.4) | 0.765 | 71(6.0) | 61(5.7) | 10(9.8) | 0.091 | 0.326 |
Cerebral infarction, n (%) | 342(12.4) | 291(11.6) | 51(20.4) | < 0.001 | 139(11.8) | 122(11.3) | 17(16.7) | 0.108 | 0.571 |
Cerebral hemorrhage, n (%) | 34(1.2) | 29(1.2) | 5(2.0) | 0.394 | 12(1.0) | 10(0.9) | 2(2.0) | 0.631 | 0.559 |
PAD, n (%) | 20(0.7) | 14(0.6) | 6(2.4) | 0.004 | 2(0.2) | 2(0.2) | 0(0.0) | 1.000 | 0.032 |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 17(0.6) | 11(0.4) | 6(2.4) | < 0.001 | 3(0.3) | 3(0.3) | 0(0.0) | 1.000 | 0.142 |
Clinical characteristic | |||||||||
Cardiac arrest, n (%) | 89(3.2) | 73(2.9) | 16(6.4) | 0.003 | 34(2.9) | 29(2.7) | 5(4.9) | 0.332 | 0.561 |
Anterior MI, n (%) | 1578(57.2) | 1403(56.0) | 175(70.0) | < 0.001 | 663(56.1) | 591(54.7) | 72(70.6) | 0.002 | 0.506 |
Killip class, n (%) | |||||||||
I | 2007(72.8) | 1897(75.7) | 110(44.0) | < 0.001 | 865(73.2) | 825(76.4) | 40(39.2) | < 0.001 | 0.943 |
II/III | 601(21.8) | 512(20.4) | 89(35.6) | 256(21.7) | 216(20.0) | 40(39.2) | |||
IV | 149(5.4) | 98(3.9) | 51(20.4) | 61(5.2) | 39(3.6) | 22(21.6) | |||
Systolic blood pressure, n (%) | |||||||||
<90 mmHg | 115(4.2) | 77(3.1) | 38(15.2) | < 0.001 | 46(3.9) | 33(3.1) | 13(12.8) | < 0.001 | 0.825 |
90–139 mmHg | 1658(60.1) | 1510(60.2) | 148(59.2) | 722(61.1) | 654(60.6) | 68(66.7) | |||
≥140 mm Hg | 984(35.7) | 920(36.7) | 64(25.6) | 414(35.0) | 393(36.4) | 21(20.6) | |||
SBP, mmHg, median(IQR) | 130(112,146) | 130(114,147) | 118(97,140) | < 0.001 | 130(112,148) | 130(115,149) | 119(102,135) | < 0.001 | 0.640 |
Heart rate, n (%) | |||||||||
<110 beats per minute | 2606(94.5) | 2407(96.0) | 199(79.6) | < 0.001 | 1116(94.4) | 1037(96.0) | 79(77.5) | < 0.001 | 0.893 |
≥ 110 beats per minute | 151(5.5) | 100(4.0) | 51(20.4) | 66(5.6) | 43(4.0) | 23(22.6) | |||
HR, BPM, median(IQR) | 76(66,88) | 76(65,87) | 86(71,105) | < 0.001 | 76(66,88) | 76(66,87) | 87(72,107) | < 0.001 | 0.984 |
Reperfusion strategy, n (%) | |||||||||
None | 1166(42.3) | 1026(40.9) | 140(56.0) | < 0.001 | 444(37.6) | 377(34.9) | 67(65.7) | < 0.001 | 0.020 |
PCI | 859(31.2) | 818(32.6) | 41(16.4) | 406(34.4) | 395(36.6) | 11(10.8) | |||
Fibrinolysis | 732(26.6) | 663(26.5) | 69(27.6) | 332(28.1) | 308(28.5) | 24(23.5) | |||
Onset-to-FMC, min, median(IQR) | 210(105,652) | 205(103,618) | 265(120,966) | 0.033 | 210(115,515) | 200(111,480) | 306.5(147,1400) | < 0.001 | 0.576 |
Medicine used in hospital | |||||||||
Aspirin, n (%) | 2657(96.4) | 2449(97.7) | 208(83.2) | < 0.001 | 1134(95.9) | 1054(97.6) | 80(78.4) | < 0.001 | 0.512 |
P2Y12 antagonists, n (%) | 2667(96.7) | 2455(97.9) | 212(84.8) | < 0.001 | 1133(95.9) | 1056(97.8) | 77(75.5) | < 0.001 | 0.170 |
Statin, n (%) | 2621(95.1) | 2421(96.6) | 200(80.0) | < 0.001 | 1119(94.7) | 1038(96.1) | 81(79.4) | < 0.001 | 0.602 |
Beta-blocker, n (%) | 1922(69.7) | 1812(72.3) | 110(44.0) | < 0.001 | 846(71.6) | 806(74.6) | 40(39.2) | < 0.001 | 0.242 |
ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 1407(51.0) | 1346(53.7) | 61(24.4) | < 0.001 | 618(52.3) | 591(54.7) | 27(26.5) | < 0.001 | 0.472 |
Laboratory test results | |||||||||
LVEF, n (%) | |||||||||
≥ 50% | 1274(46.2) | 1225(48.9) | 49(19.6) | < 0.001 | 578(48.9) | 555(51.4) | 23(22.6) | < 0.001 | 0.284 |
< 50% | 515(18.7) | 446(17.8) | 69(27.6) | 205(17.3) | 184(17.0) | 21(20.6) | |||
Unmeasured | 968(35.1) | 836(33.4) | 132(52.8) | 399(33.8) | 341(31.6) | 58(56.9) | |||
Serum creatinine, n (%) | |||||||||
<100 umol/L | 2482(90.0) | 2323(92.7) | 159(63.6) | < 0.001 | 1065(90.1) | 998(92.4) | 67(65.7) | < 0.001 | 0.803 |
100–176 umol/L | 233(8.5) | 165(6.6) | 68(27.2) | 96(8.1) | 73(6.8) | 23(22.6) | |||
> 176 µmol/L | 42(1.5) | 19(0.8) | 23(9.2) | 21(1.8) | 9(0.8) | 12(11.8) | |||
