Table 2 Acute and chronic HC5 (PNEC) values obtained for dissolved metals and metalloids for algae, invertebrate and fishes through split Species Sensitivity Distribution curves (SSD) and current PVs in practice in Brazil, Minas Gerais state (Brazil), UK, EU, US and Canada.

From: Proposal of novel Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNEC) for metals in freshwater using Species Sensitivity Distribution for different taxonomic groups

Metal

HC5 (PNEC) (µg L−1)

Brazil and Minas Gerais (µg L−1)25,53

Proposed PNEC (µg L−1) WFD UK

EQSD (µg L−1) EU39

NRWQC (µg L−1) US43

WQG (µg L−1) Canada60

Acute

Chronic

A

I

F

A

I

F

Acute

Chronic

Maximum

Annual Average

Acute

Chronic

Acute

Chronic

Ag

0.51

1.52

2.15

0.47

0.02

0.22

10.0

nd

nd

nd

nd

3.2

nd

nd

0.25

Al

569.80

186.20

72.96

24.45

0.16

30.99

100.0

nd

nd

nd

nd

2,9002

9602

nd

1003

As

54.36

370.60

11,960

7.02

37.06

1,200

10.0

8.057

0.557

nd

nd

340

150

nd

5

Cd

2.04

16.55

4.43

0.31

0.47

0.38

1.0

nd

nd

0.451

0.081

1.8

0.72

2.62

0.193

Co

52.05

1,430

714.40

1.86

0.29

65.48

50.0

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

Cr

16.76

15.65

5,208

2.85

6.39

23.88

50.0

2.059

3.459

nd

nd

16

11

nd

1

Cu

16.13

4.69

16.06

12.08

2.62

3.03

9.0

nd

8.255

nd

nd

18.702

5.812

nd

2.843

Fe

23.07

1,204

297.00

0.28

0.16

199.80

300.0

41.058

16.058

nd

nd

nd

1,000

nd

300

Hg

15.20

3.41

35.03

1.52

0.56

0.92

0.2

nd

nd

0.07

nd

1.4

0.77

nd

0.026

Mn

113.70

728.50

1,985

11.37

18.59

38.50

100.0

nd

123.058

nd

nd

nd

nd

8,0403

2803

Ni

20.60

6.64

6,192

3.46

0.68

17.42

25.0

nd

nd

34

4

470

52

nd

112.553

Pb

149.60

98.42

226.00

12.38

1.46

11.44

10.0

nd

nd

14

1.2

65

2.5

nd

1

U

-

25.15

500.60

-

2.52

17.09

20.0

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

33

15

Zn

5.50

98.11

267.00

0.87

3.63

14.39

180.0

nd

10.956

nd

nd

120

120

95.983

12.743

  1. A = algae; I = invertebrates; F = fishes. Acute or chronic proposed PNEC values in bold: lowest value obtained for each metal; Water Quality standard values in bold are above the PNEC defined for each metal. nd: no data;
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