Table 2 Performance comparison among different loss functions.

From: Two stage multiobjective topology optimization method via SwinUnet with enhanced generalization

Loss function

\(E_c\)

\(E_{\sigma _{PN}}\)

\(E_v\)

BSR

SSR

OSR

\(\mathscr {L}_{Dice}\)

\(-\)6.15%

\(-\)1.86%

0.01%

4.85%

8.18%

58.79%

\(\mathscr {L}_{BCE}\)

\(-\)2.52%

0.63%

\(-\)0.55%

7.27%

16.06%

53.33%

\(\mathscr {L}_{B \& D}\)

\(-\)5.22%

\(-\)1.25%

\(-\)0.33%

6.52%

10.30%

54.54%