Table 1 Clinical and CT morphological characteristics of patients in the training and two validation sets.

From: Radiomics based on dual-energy CT virtual monoenergetic images to identify symptomatic carotid plaques: a multicenter study

Characteristics

Training set (n = 213)

p

Internal validation set (n = 93)

p

External validation set (n = 110)

p

Symptomatic (n = 61)

Asymptomatic (n = 152)

Symptomatic

(n = 27)

Asymptomatic

(n = 66)

Symptomatic (n = 43)

Asymptomatic (n = 67)

Age, years*

73.13 ± 9.12

71.99 ± 8.55

0.404

72.70 ± 8.47

70.60 ± 8.25

0.280

72.86 ± 8.38

71.09 ± 9.13

0.308

Gender, Male (%)

47(77.0)

107(70.3)

0.327

19(70.3)

42(63.6)

0.535

34(79.1)

55(82.1)

0.694

BMI, kg/m2*

22.81 ± 3.87

23.27 ± 3.30

0.411

22.43 ± 3.25

23.39 ± 2.58

0.132

23.67 ± 3.99

24.33 ± 3.50

0.364

Smoking (%)

19(31.1)

30(19.7)

0.074

8(29.6)

12(18.2)

0.223

6(14.0)

11(16.4)

0.727

Diabetes (%)

17(27.9)

37(24.3)

0.593

6(22.2)

11(16.7)

0.529

17(39.5)

27(40.3)

0.936

Hypertension (%)

42(68.9)

100(65.8)

0.668

18(66.7)

43(65.2)

0.889

31(72.1)

50(74.6)

0.769

Hyperlipidemia (%)

4(6.6)

7(4.6)

0.561

4(14.8)

4(6.1)

0.172

5(11.6)

11(16.4)

0.487

CAD (%)

5(8.2)

14(9.2)

0.814

5(18.5)

8(12.1)

0.419

2(4.7)

14(20.9)

0.018

WBC, 109/L*

6.20 (5.05,8.60)

6.55 (5.30,7.90)

0.968

6.55 (5.50,7.70)

6.80 (5.80,8.00)

0.512

6.43 (5.61,7.95)

6.75 (5.72,7.81)

0.849

TC, mmol/L*

3.94 (3.39,4.74)

4.26 (3.51,4.91)

0.205

4.32 (3.56,4.68)

4.53 (3.90,5.47)

0.111

3.73 (3.21,5.03)

4.11 (3.24,5.06)

0.472

TG, mmol/L*

1.12 (0.86,1.72)

1.26 (0.88,1.88)

0.350

1.22 (0.99,2.03)

1.52 (1.08,2.31)

0.166

1.33 (0.82,1.73)

1.23 (0.89,1.89)

0.579

HDL-C, mmol/L*

1.03 (0.82,1.21)

1.02 (0.88,1.23)

0.416

0.89 (0.77,1.11)

1.03 (0.88,1.21)

0.083

1.00 (0.84,1.24)

1.02 (0.78,1.40)

0.857

LDL-C, mmol/L*

1.89 (1.64,2.80)

2.24 (1.71,2.79)

0.220

2.33 (1.74,2.80)

2.20 (1.80,3.13)

0.469

2.26 (1.76,3.39)

2.54 (1.75,3.33)

0.752

BG, mmol/L*

5.8 (4.77,6.98)

5.53 (5.03,6.40)

0.822

5.56 (4.97,6.57)

5.74 (5.03,6.95)

0.559

6.84 (5.29,9.70)

6.40 (5.39,7.67)

0.622

Plaque ulceration (%)

20(32.8)

6(3.9)

< 0.001

8(29.6)

2(3.0)

< 0.001

10(23.3)

3(4.5)

0.003

Max plaque thickness, mm*

4.53 (3.33,5.57)

3.98 (3.12,4.96)

0.058

4.15 (3.72,5.33)

3.61 (3.16,4.88)

0.008

5.22 (4.17,6.34)

4.44 (3.73,5.42)

0.023

Max plaque length, mm*

16.00 (10.50,21.50)

12.00 (7.50,17.00)

0.001

16.00 (10.50,25.00)

12.00 (7.00,17.50)

0.034

12.60 (9.80,20.30)

14.70 (11.90,23.80)

0.157

Lumen stenosis (%)*

57.35 (44.09,69.76)

50.88 (36.20,59.52)

0.036

53.01 (43.52,62.39)

46.48 (40.91,56.58)

0.184

64.62 (55.37,70.90)

64.83 (53.83,69.85)

0.961

Severe stenosis (%)

15(24.6)

11(7.2)

< 0.001

4(14.8)

6(9.1)

0.419

11(25.6)

16(23.9)

0.840

Plaque burden*

67.67 ± 17.22

56.31 ± 18.00

< 0.001

66.19 ± 21.77

56.71 ± 18.89

0.038

68.65 ± 13.35

62.67 ± 10.89

0.012

PR (%)

58(95.1)

134(88.2)

0.125

24(88.9)

57(86.3)

0.742

43(100.0)

64(95.5)

0.159

Fat Fraction (%)*

15.17 ± 2.26

14.01 ± 3.14

0.003

15.12 ± 2.13

13.85 ± 1.88

0.006

15.43 ± 1.88

14.52 ± 2.32

0.035

  1. *Values expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range)
  2. BMI body mass index, CAD coronary artery disease, WBC white blood cell, TG triglyceride, TC total cholestero, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholestero, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholestero, BG Blood glucose, PR positive remodeling.
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