Fig. 5

Vascular function analysis. Endothelium-dependent (a) and endothelium-independent (b) relaxation curves from isolated rings of abdominal aortas from wt (empty circles), DMD^mdx (black circles), and IVA-treated DMD^mdx (grey circles) rats in response to increasing concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), respectively. Data represent means ± SEM; n = 17 for wt, n = 15 for DMD^mdx, and n = 15 for IVA + DMD^mdx aorta segments. Statistical comparisons were carried out using a repeated measure-ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison test, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs wt. DMD Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, IVA ivabradine, wt wild-type.