Table 1 The baseline characteristics of study participants in the experimental and control groups and the results of the Shapiro–Wilk normality test.

From: Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on pre-competitive cognitive performance and anxiety in collegiate athletes: a randomized controlled trial

S. No.

Variable

Experimental group (n = 6)

Control group (n = 6)

Mean ± S.D

P value*

Mean ± S.D

p value*

1.

Age (in years)a

21.66 ± 1.21 (20.39–22.93)

0.003#

22.16 ± 1.47 (20.62 to 23.71)

0.804

2.

Male gender n (%)b

5 (83%)

5 (83%)

3.

Height (in cm)a

168.5 ± 7.91 (160.19–176.81)

0.156

167.16 ± 6.96 (159.85–174.48)

0.552

4.

Weight (in Kg)a

67.83 ± 10.74 (56.56–79.10)

0.879

68.50 ± 7.63 (60.48–76.51)

0.303

5.

BMI (in Kg/m2)a

23.37 ± 2.47 (20.77–25.97)

0.916

24.36 ± 3.99 (20.17–23.01)

0.048

6.

Beck anxiety inventorya

24.50 ± 2.88 (21.47–27.52)

0.484

25.66 ± 2.33 (23.21 to 28.12)

0.421

7.

Stroop test

27.50 ± 1.51 (25.90–29.09)

0.389

27.16 ± 3.06 (23.95 to 30.37)

0.197

8.

DSSTa

45.66 ± 8.77 (36.45–54.87)

0.353

41.00 ± 6.03 (34.66 to 47.33)

0.993

9.

EMG-time relaxed (in seconds)a

821.00 ± 210.38 (600.21–1041.78)

0.469

683.83 ± 168.71 (506.78–860.88)

0.557

  1. DSST, Digit Symbol substitution test; EMG, Electromyography biofeedback.
  2. aThe data is represented as mean ± standard deviation (S.D.) and upper and lower limit range at 95% Confidence Interval (CI) is provided in brackets.
  3. bNumber and Percentage of participants.
  4. *p value was set > 0.05; interpretation—All the variables are found to be normally distributed except age in experimental group # (p = 0.003).