Fig. 1 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 1

From: Woody legacies of railroad ties from the Southern Atacama Desert used to strengthen Nothofagus obliqua tree-ring chronologies from Northern Patagonia

Fig. 1

(Source Esri, GEBCO, Garmin, NaturalVue | Esri, GEBCO, IHO-IOC GEBCO, Garmin, NGS), both publicly available for their use.

(A) Map of Chile indicating the distribution of N. obliqua forests across south-central Chile, the locations of existing N. obliqua tree-ring width (TRW) chronologies (red triangles), and the railroad network with the sampling sites located in southern Atacama Desert (yellow triangles), (B) map of the Northern Longitudinal Railway Project (FCLN) and the three sampling sites. Red-colored lines represent disused railway tracks, while black lines represent abandoned tracks, (C) and (D) Precipitation and temperature descriptions of the study regions, (E), (F) and (G) zoom-in of the railroad ties sampling sites. All maps were generated using open-source software QGIS version 3.28.15 (https://qgis.org). Base maps were obtained from Google Satellite (Maps data ©2025 Google, Terrametrics) and ESRI Ocean

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