Table 1 Characteristics of patients according to CLBP status.

From: Longitudinal study of central sensitization and chronic low back pain in a Japanese cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic

Characteristic

None Group (n = 131)

De novo Group (n = 32)

Continued Group (n = 39)

Improved Group (n = 15)

p-value

Sex (male), %

35.9

37.5

25.6

46.7

0.462

Age (years)

66.9 ± 9.3

71.3 ± 9.4

70.0 ± 9.6

71.5 ± 8.6

0.029*

BMI (kg/m2)

22.8 ± 3.8

23.3 ± 3.0

22.5 ± 3.5

23.4 ± 3.3

0.765

CSI score at baseline

14.2 ± 10.2

17.9 ± 10.6

22.0 ± 12.1

19.6 ± 14.8

0.001*

Refrain from going out (%)

27.5

21.9

20.5

20.0

0.744

  1. CLBP Chronic low back pain; None Group No CLBP at baseline and follow-up; De novo Group No CLBP at baseline, but CLBP at follow-up; Continued Group CLBP at baseline and follow-up; Improved Group CLBP at baseline, but no CLBP at follow-up; BMI body mass index, CSI Central Sensitization Inventory.
  2. *Significance was defined as p < 0.05. Data are presented as n, mean ± standard deviation (range), or number.
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