Fig. 4

Characterization of CCA cell lines. (A) Growth curve of CCA cells. (B) Representative images of the colony formation ability of each cell line. (C–E) Representative images of CCA cell migration were captured at 4X magnification (scale bar = 1000 μM). CCA cells were seeded onto 24-well plates. After the cells formed a confluent monolayer, a scratch line was made, and the distance of the scratch wound was measured after incubation until the wound closed. (F–H) Each bar represents the mean ± SD of wound closure. (I) Representative transwell migration and (J) invasion assay images were captured at 10X magnification (scale bar = 100 μM). For the migration assay, CCA cells were seeded in serum-free medium onto uncoated Transwell inserts. For the invasion assay, CCA cells were seeded onto Matrigel-coated Transwell inserts and incubated for 24 or 72 h. After incubation migrated and invaded cells were fixed, stained, and photographed.