Fig. 5 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 5

From: Potential upscaling protocol establishment and wound healing bioactivity screening of exosomes isolated from canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Fig. 5

cAD–MSC–derived exosomes produced by potential upscaling protocol enhanced the migration of fibroblast in vitro. (A) Illustrative diagram depicting in vitro migration assay. (B–D) images representing gap closure assessment of cells without or with exosome treatment from various production protocols. The red region marked the wound gap area, analyzed using NIS-elements software. (E–G) Closure rate analysis illustrates the response of cells to exosome treatment during (E) 0–12 h incubation, (F) 12–24 h incubation, and (G) overall 24 h observation. The data (n = 4) are presented as fold change, normalized with the untreated control group in each experimental setup. The mean and p-value are noted. The asterisks suggest the significance levels (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).

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