Fig. 8

The impact of various concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) on the proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression in mouse Leydig cells. (A) Leydig cells were seeded in 96-wells plate with 10,000 cells/well, and were treated with various concentrations (0–1200 μm) of BPA for 24 h and 48 h. Diluted DMSO was used as control. The CCK8 reagent was added, and the absorbance was measured at 450 nm wavelength with a microplate reader. (B) Leydig cells were exposed to varying concentrations of BPA (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 µM) for 48 h to assess the impact on their cell cycle progression. Following treatment, the cells were fixed and stained with propidium iodide (PI) for analysis using flow cytometry. The distribution and percentage of cells in G0/G1, G2/M, and S phase of the cell cycle were illustrated. (C) The cells were stained with FITC-annexin V and propidium iodide (PI). The original density plots of Flow Cytometry analysis were showed. The distribution and percentage of cells in sub Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 of the cell cycle are illustrated. Q1 (necrotic), Q2 (late apoptotic cells and dead cells), Q3 (early apoptotic cells), Q4 (Normal cells).