Fig. 2

Heterogeneity of malignant cells with different samples. (a) This figure presents an inferCNV analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from LSCC patients. The heatmap displays the relative expression of genes across genomic regions, identifying potential copy number variations (CNVs) in different cell populations. The top panel shows the distribution of expression levels in reference cells, which are presumed to have normal CNVs, plotted against various genomic regions. The bottom panel is categorized by patient condition. Color Scale: Modified expression values are indicated on the color scale, with red representing higher expression and blue indicating lower expression relative to the mean. Clusters: Cells are clustered based on the similarity of CNV patterns, with the dendrogram on the left illustrating hierarchical clustering results. Cell Annotations: Cells are annotated with specific identifiers corresponding to different patients and conditions (HYJ_AP, WJG_AP, ZXJ_AP for observations and HYJ_HA, WJG_HA, ZXJ_HA for reference), helping to differentiate between normal and altered genomic expressions; (b) UMAP plot of epithelial cells and malignant cells in adjacent and tumor tissues isolated from 3 LSCC patients; (c) Volcano plot of tumor tissues compare to adjacent tissues in malignant cells; (d) KEGG pathway analysis of deregulated expression gene of LSCC tumor cells.