Table 1 The clinical characteristics of participants.
Characteristics | Total | Asthma | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 25578) | NO(n = 21969) | YES(n = 3609) | ||
Age (years) | 46.95 ± 18.69 | 47.37 ± 18.68 | 44.43 ± 18.57 | < 0.001 |
Gender % | < 0.001 | |||
Male | 12,493 (48.84) | 10,954 (49.86) | 1539 (42.64) | |
Female | 13,085 (51.16) | 11,015 (50.14) | 2070 (57.36) | |
Race % | < 0.001 | |||
Mexican American | 4261 (16.66) | 3912 (17.81) | 349 (9.67) | |
Other hispanic | 2291 (8.96) | 1961 (8.93) | 330 (9.14) | |
Non-hispanic white | 11,240 (43.94) | 9490 (43.20) | 1750 (48.49) | |
Non-hispanic black | 5601 (21.90) | 4691 (21.35) | 910 (25.21) | |
Other race | 2185 (8.54) | 1915 (8.72) | 270 (7.48) | |
Education level % | < 0.001 | |||
Less than 9th grade | 2748 (10.74) | 2485 (11.31) | 263 (7.29) | |
9−11th grade | 3976 (15.54) | 3402 (15.49) | 574 (15.90) | |
High school graduate | 5859 (22.91) | 5048 (22.98) | 811 (22.47) | |
Some college or AA degree | 7699 (30.10) | 6423 (29.24) | 1276 (35.36) | |
College graduate or above | 5296 (20.71) | 4611 (20.99) | 685 (18.98) | |
Marry % | < 0.001 | |||
Married/living with partner | 14,534 (56.82) | 12,755 (58.06) | 1779 (49.29) | |
Widowed/divorced/separated | 5261 (20.57) | 4441 (20.21) | 820 (22.72) | |
Never married | 5783 (22.61) | 4773 (21.73) | 1010 (27.99) | |
PIR % | < 0.001 | |||
Low income | 8091 (31.63) | 6769 (30.81) | 1322 (36.63) | |
Med income | 10,118 (39.56) | 8790 (40.01) | 1328 (36.80) | |
High income | 7369 (28.81) | 6410 (29.18) | 959 (26.57) | |
Alcohol use % | < 0.001 | |||
Never | 4155 (16.24) | 3650 (16.61) | 505 (13.99) | |
Former | 4558 (17.82) | 3901 (17.76) | 657 (18.20) | |
Mild | 7763 (30.35) | 6696 (30.48) | 1067 (29.56) | |
Moderate | 3727 (14.57) | 3161 (14.39) | 566 (15.68) | |
Heavy | 5375 (21.01) | 4561 (20.76) | 814 (22.55) | |
Smoking % | < 0.001 | |||
No | 14,510 (56.73) | 12,647 (57.57) | 1863 (51.62) | |
Yes | 11,068 (43.27) | 9322 (42.43) | 1746 (48.38) | |
Diabetes % | < 0.001 | |||
No | 22,680 (88.67) | 19,572 (89.09) | 3108 (86.12) | |
Yes | 2898 (11.33) | 2397 (10.91) | 501 (13.88) | |
Hypertension % | < 0.001 | |||
No | 17,207 (67.27) | 14,988 (68.22) | 2219 (61.49) | |
Yes | 8371 (32.73) | 6981 (31.78) | 1390 (38.51) | |
High cholesterol % | 0.004 | |||
No | 17,174 (67.14) | 14,826 (67.49) | 2348 (65.06) | |
Yes | 8404 (32.86) | 7143 (32.51) | 1261 (34.94) | |
Coronary artery disease % | 0.048 | |||
No | 24,660 (96.41) | 21,201 (96.50) | 3459 (95.84) | |
Yes | 918 (3.59) | 768 (3.50) | 150 (4.16) | |
Cancer % | < 0.001 | |||
No | 23,408 (91.52) | 20,157 (91.75) | 3251 (90.08) | |
Yes | 2170 (8.48) | 1812 (8.25) | 358 (9.92) | |
Blood relative had asthma % | < 0.001 | |||
No | 20,483 (80.08) | 18,362 (83.58) | 2121 (58.77) | |
Yes | 5095 (19.92) | 3607 (16.42) | 1488 (41.23) | |
Physical activity % | 0.004 | |||
Never | 12,455 (48.69) | 10,681 (48.62) | 1774 (49.15) | |
Moderate | 6854 (26.80) | 5961 (27.13) | 893 (24.74) | |
Vigorous | 6269 (24.51) | 5327 (24.25) | 942 (26.10) | |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 28.72 ± 6.73 | 28.49 ± 6.50 | 30.16 ± 7.85 | < 0.001 |
2Serum cholesterol (mg/dL) | 193.29 ± 41.48 | 193.83 ± 41.38 | 190.02 ± 41.90 | < 0.001 |
2Serum glucose (mg/dL) | 101.31 ± 37.56 | 101.21 ± 37.43 | 101.93 ± 38.37 | 0.284 |
2Serum uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.42 ± 1.41 | 5.41 ± 1.41 | 5.45 ± 1.42 | 0.159 |
2HEI−2015 | 51.08 ± 11.08 | 51.34 ± 11.10 | 49.46 ± 10.84 | < 0.001 |
2BRI | 5.32 ± 2.30 | 5.25 ± 2.23 | 5.75 ± 2.70 | < 0.001 |
2WWI | 10.97 ± 0.87 | 10.97 ± 0.86 | 11.01 ± 0.94 | 0.002 |
