Table 6 Frequency of child-to-parent violence toward father and mother and differences according to children’s and parent’s sex.
From: Assessment, frequency, and reasons for child-to-parent violence in a sample of Italian adolescents
Violence | Father (n 1 = 528) | Mother (n 2 = 553) | Both girls and boys (n 3 = 519) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sons % (n) | Daughters % (n) | \(\upchi\)2 | \(\upphi\) | Sons % (n) | Daughters % (n) | \(\upchi\)2 | \(\upphi\) | Fathers % (n) | Mothers % (n) | \(\upchi\)2 | \(\upphi\) | |
At least 1 occasion | ||||||||||||
Psy | 53.80 (129) | 60.70 (173) | 2.57 | .07 | 63.50 (158) | 64.10 (195) | 0.03 | .01 | 57.80 (298) | 64.90 (335) | 261.15*** | .61 |
Phy | 9.70 (23) | 11.60 (33) | 0.49 | .03 | 12.90 (32) | 14.10 (43) | 0.18 | .02 | 10.09 (56) | 14.00 (72) | 194.09* | .61 |
Fin | 27.60 (66) | 29.90 (85) | 0.34 | .02 | 31.90 (79) | 35.00 (106) | 0.60 | .03 | 29.40 (151) | 33.50 (172) | 286.45** | .75 |
C/D | 78.90 (187) | 88.10 (251) | 8.05** | .12 | 87.00 (215) | 89.10 (271) | 0.58 | .03 | 84.20 (432) | 88.50 (454) | 250.28*** | .70 |
Reiterated violence | ||||||||||||
Psy | 17.90 (43) | 26.70 (76) | 5.69* | .10 | 25.00 (62) | 31.90 (97) | 3.18 | .08 | 22.70 (117) | 29.30 (151) | 183.85*** | .60 |
Phy | 2.50 (06) | 4.20 (12) | 1.11 | .05 | 2.40 (06) | 5.90 (18) | 4.03* | .08 | 3.50 (18) | 4.70 (24) | 108.51 | .46 |
Fin | 8.40 (20) | 11.60 (33) | 1.51 | .05 | 10.90 (27) | 11.90 (36) | 0.13 | .02 | 10.30 (53) | 11.30 (58) | 272.64 | .73 |
C/D | 50.40 (119) | 68.70 (195) | 17.92*** | .19 | 58.80 (144) | 69.90 (211) | 7.31** | .12 | 61.10 (312) | 65.00 (332) | 238.98* | .68 |
