Fig. 4

Average mesh representations of the fused left ventricle (LV) are displayed in six standard anatomical views: superior (a), anterior (b), left lateral (c), inferior (d), posterior (e), and right lateral (f). Red clusters in the figure indicate significant surface expansion in patients with postoperative delirium compared to those without, following a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. These clusters highlight the association of expansion with age, suggesting that brain atrophy is more pronounced in older patients with postoperative delirium. Open-source software SlicerSALT (https://salt.slicer.org/) and Paraview (https://www.paraview.org/) were used to generate Fig. 4.