Table 4 Fracture status.

From: The impact of various calcium ion sources on the curing efficacy of MICP

Name (sand treated with various calcium source)

Proportion of fracture area (%)

Total fracture length (mm)

Calcium acetate

18.3

529

Calcium chloride

4.6

138

Calcium lignosulfonate

2.7

101

Calcium gluconate

0.9

38