Table 2 Effect of nanoparticles of Y. schidigera at different doses of each extract (ml of extract /g dietary DM) on ruminal total gas production (ml/g DM) of diets with two dietary levels of protein compared with nanoparticles of chitosan (as positive control (PC)) and the crude extract using male bulls as a source of ruminal inoculum.

From: Influence of dietary protein levels on nano-encapsulated Yucca schidigera extract and its effects on in vitro ruminal greenhouse gas production and fermentation dynamics

Protein level (PRO, % of diet)	Type of extract (TE)	Extract dose (ED; mL/g DM)	Gas production
			Gas production kinetics^a			mL GP g⁻¹ DM incubated
			b	c	Lag	6 h	24 h	48 h
14	Without extract	0.00	242.57	0.0288	1.27	64.30	129.93	213.63
	Nano-chitosan	0.25	337.33	0.0288	1.38	80.90	205.67	322.00
		0.50	408.62	0.0276	2.89	89.00	264.43	432.10
		1.00	378.30	0.0300	2.30	79.07	223.00	361.70
	Crude extract	0.25	539.28	0.0213	0.36	114.17	249.40	518.17
		0.50	472.07	0.0279	2.41	96.97	221.73	436.80
		1.00	481.57	0.0281	2.01	132.40	290.20	456.47
	Nano-extract	0.25	401.45	0.0296	2.46	75.93	209.73	377.80
		0.50	425.02	0.0513	2.84	70.63	202.07	407.83
		1.00	488.08	0.0312	5.42	80.27	218.47	456.50
		SEM^b	35.892	0.00703	0.774	8.881	21.946	42.023
		TE	0.0018	0.1385	0.0155	< .0001	0.0740	0.0310
		ED	0.7294	0.2999	0.0244	0.2898	0.4646	0.8124
		TE × ED	0.2061	0.4248	0.2776	0.1996	0.1589	0.1824
18	Without extract	0.00	464.27	0.0292	3.98	81.87	212.77	432.00
	Nano-chitosan	0.25	339.83	0.0275	0.89	81.93	197.93	321.73
		0.50	335.60	0.0269	1.25	82.77	195.90	317.53
		1.00	352.97	0.0269	2.60	96.90	218.23	334.97
	Crude extract	0.25	445.68	0.0268	0.94	99.20	2296.67	414.50
		0.50	500.20	0.0305	4.53	88.60	228.57	466.10
		1.00	507.33	0.0291	3.05	101.77	245.37	472.93
	Nano-extract	0.25	415.55	0.0291	4.73	76.83	204.83	388.53
		0.50	455.85	0.0305	4.29	79.30	213.13	426.40
		1.00	416.20	0.0275	1.44	88.37	222.70	390.17
		SEM^b	16.294	0.00055	0.653	4.473	6.519	14.367
		TE	< .0001	0.0006	0.0063	0.002	< .0001	< .0001
		ED	0.0751	0.0038	0.0848	0.0082	0.0039	0.0519
		TE × ED	0.1642	0.0022	0.001	0.5252	0.8917	0.1241
Pooled SEM²			27.872	0.00499	0.716	7.031	16.188	31.403
p-value
PRO			0.0228	0.4599	0.0447	0.6492	0.4809	0.1136
TE			< .0001	0.0936	0.0007	< .0001	0.0033	< .0001
ED			0.2889	0.1832	0.0107	0.0168	0.0846	0.3540
PRO × TE			0.7511	0.1534	0.0808	0.0085	0.2430	0.6001
PRO × ED			0.7719	0.4294	0.0960	0.9342	0.9625	0.9702
TE × ED			0.7734	0.3067	0.0688	0.2256	0.2134	0.5838
PRO × TE × ED			0.0349	0.5087	0.0020	0.2226	0.1261	0.0378

^ab = asymptotic gas production (mL g⁻¹ DM); c = rate of gas production (mL h⁻¹); Lag = initial delay before gas production begins (h).
^b SEM = standard error of the mean. GP – Gas Production.

Back to article page

Search

Quick links