Table 5 Effect of nanoparticles of Y. Schidigera at different doses of each extract (ml of extract /g dietary DM) on ruminal hydrogen sulfide (H₂S, ml/g DM) of diets with two dietary levels of protein compared with nanoparticles of chitosan (as positive control (PC)) and the crude extract using male bulls as a source of ruminal inoculum.

From: Influence of dietary protein levels on nano-encapsulated Yucca schidigera extract and its effects on in vitro ruminal greenhouse gas production and fermentation dynamics

Protein level (PRO, % of diet)	Type of extract (TE)	Extract dose (ED; mL/g DM)	H₂S production
			H2S production kinetics^a			mL H₂S g⁻¹ DM incubated
			b	c	Lag	6 h	24 h	48 h
14	Without extract	0.00	0.9430	0.00058	0.0053	0.0036	0.0623	0.4558
	Nano-chitosan	0.25	0.2925	0.00002	0.0009	0.0045	0.0201	0.1384
		0.50	0.2848	0.00005	0.0006	0.0029	0.0146	0.1359
		1.00	0.2356	0.00001	0.0017	0.0026	0.0113	0.0997
	Crude extract	0.25	1.7626	0.00162	0.0002	0.0106	0.1311	0.9919
		0.50	1.9377	0.00076	0.0002	0.0091	0.1242	0.9449
		1.00	1.8431	0.00067	0.0023	0.0142	0.1443	0.9130
	Nano-extract	0.25	1.6798	0.00138	0.0005	0.0049	0.1079	0.8131
		0.50	1.7569	0.00032	0.0007	0.0071	0.1103	0.8614
		1.00	2.0348	0.00027	0.0003	0.0078	0.1256	1.0064
		SEM^b	0.17897	0.000392	0.00146	0.00163	0.01212	0.07414
		TE	< .0001	0.0188	0.8865	< .0001	< .0001	< .0001
		ED	0.6864	0.0800	0.6820	0.3606	0.5504	0.8895
		TE × ED	0.7449	0.5705	0.9123	0.2715	0.7864	0.4076
18	Without extract	0.00	1.7879	0.00017	0.0018	0.0080	0.0957	0.8795
	Nano-chitosan	0.25	0.2907	0.00003	0.0008	0.0026	0.0111	0.1258
		0.50	0.2847	0.00004	0.0009	0.0036	0.0119	0.1286
		1.00	0.4323	0.00006	0.0003	0.0100	0.0338	0.2218
	Crude extract	0.25	1.7762	0.00276	0.0006	0.0111	0.1225	0.8752
		0.50	2.0053	0.00224	0.0000	0.0095	0.1216	1.0023
		1.00	1.9441	0.00143	0.0000	0.0109	0.1220	0.9691
	Nano-extract	0.25	1.6823	0.00205	0.0004	0.0060	0.1116	0.8164
		0.50	1.8228	0.00378	0.0006	0.0093	0.1172	0.9099
		1.00	1.5051	0.00187	0.0011	0.0105	0.1318	0.7503
		SEM^b	0.08548	0.000557	0.00045	0.00115	0.00700	0.04132
		TE	< .0001	< .0001	0.3875	< .0001	< .0001	< .0001
		ED	0.2377	0.1663	0.9549	0.0012	0.0461	0.1121
		TE × ED	0.0839	0.2294	0.5397	0.0212	0.4366	0.0533
Pooled SEM^b			0.14024	0.000481	0.00108	0.00141	0.00989	0.06001
p-value
PRO			0.0165	0.0029	0.0763	0.0118	0.1830	0.0092
TE			< .0001	< .0001	0.8836	< .0001	< .0001	< .0001
ED			0.4130	0.0901	0.7282	0.0030	0.0917	0.5068
PRO × TE			0.3138	0.0059	0.7653	0.1437	0.2889	0.3353
PRO × ED			0.7465	0.1522	0.6723	0.3418	0.8292	0.5286
TE × ED			0.8873	0.3228	0.9730	0.3165	0.9016	0.8905
PRO × TE × ED			0.2504	0.2698	0.7696	0.0265	0.4866	0.0470

^ab = is the asymptotic H₂S production (mL g⁻¹ DM); c = is the rate of H₂S production (mL h⁻¹); Lag = is the initial delay before H₂S production begins (h); ^bSEM = standard error of the mean.

Back to article page

Search

Quick links