Fig. 3
From: Risk factors for postoperative stone formation in pediatric choledochal cysts: a study of 457 cases
Treatment for IHD stones. The approach of stone removal through PTCS was attempted frequently (n = 10). Surgical removal of stones or revision of hepaticojejunostomy was performed through HJ anastomosis in three patients, whereas left hemihepatectomy was performed in two patients, followed by favorable outcomes and regular follow-ups. Recently, stone removal has been initiated using hepaticogastrostomy stent insertion under endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance. This approach offers the advantage of performing the procedure without additional visible scars but faces high technical barriers in terms of entry. *IHD, intrahepatic bile duct; PTCS: percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography; HJ, hepaticojejunostomy; ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; Lt. hemi, left hemihepatectomy; HG, hepaticogastrostomy; HD, hepaticoduodenostomy.
