Fig. 4

Concentrations of pollutants in groundwater. Note: (a) contains high-value parameters like pH, TDS(total dissolved solids), TH(total hardness), CODMn(potassium permanganate index), NO2-N(nitrite), SO42−(sulfate) and Cl−(chloride); and (b) contains low-value parameters like F−(fluoride), NH3-N(ammonia nitrogen), NO3-N(nitrate), and and heavy metals (Hg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn).