Fig. 5

Determination of 3D coordinate axes and simulation of high tibial osteotomy. (a) 3D coordinate axis of the lower extremity. (b) Determination of the center of the tibial plateau and osteotomy points. A total of six directions of high tibial osteotomy were simulated (MOWHTO30°, MOWHTO60°, MOWHTO90°, LCWHTO30°, LCWHTO60°, LCWHTO90°). (c) A sample of simulation of high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO30°). (d) Determination of the 3D hinge point and posterior tibial slope.