Fig. 3

Boundary of the study area and spatial distribution of land-use situation in typical black soil region in Northeast China from in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 (Map processed by ArcMap 10.8. URL: http://www.esri.com/).

Boundary of the study area and spatial distribution of land-use situation in typical black soil region in Northeast China from in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 (Map processed by ArcMap 10.8. URL: http://www.esri.com/).