Fig. 1

Levels of factors in mono- and coculture systems. (a) mRNA levels of CYP enzymes and hepatocyte function-related factors. (b) Protein levels of factors related to hepatic function in culture medium. (c) Levels of markers of oxidative stress. (d) Levels of cytokines. Data were expressed as the means ± standard error (n = 3). The statistical significance was assessed using the nonparametric unpaired t-test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001).