Fig. 4

Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. (a) IL-1β. (b) IL-6. (c) IL-10. (d) Radar graph of ratios to the untreated control. (e) Relative area ratios of polygons to that of the untreated control calculated using ImageJ software. (f) Statistical analysis of area ratios. Data were expressed as the means ± standard error (n = 3 ~ 5). The statistical significance was assessed using the nonparametric unpaired t-test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001).