Table 1 Average relative abundance of each aerosolised ARGs in different seasons, locations and haze levels.

From: The impact of green spaces, urban settings, seasonal changes, and pollutants on dissemination of antimicrobial genes in air

Meteorological factors and atmosphere pollution

Season, location and haze level

Average relative abundance, average (min- max) (ARGs/16s rRNA)

        

aac(6’)-Ib

ermB

ermC

sul1

sul3

tetM

tetW

bla TEM

mecA

Season

Autumn

0.0012

(0.0010–0.0015)

0.0093

(0.0037–0.0174)

0.0089

(0.0057–0.0195)

0.0018

(0.0016–0.0023)

0.0054

(0.0005–0.205)

0.0033

(0.0006–0.0232)

0.001

(0.0005–0.0025)

0.001

(0.0007–0.0017)

-

Winter

0.0056

(0.0021–0.0347)

0.0159

(0.0077–0.0498)

0.0143

(0.0066–0.041)

0.0015

(0.0007–0.0032)

0.0082

(0.0002–1.0254)

0.0057

(0.0035–0.0157)

0.0027

(0.0012–0.0042)

0.4679

(0.1103–1.991)

-

Spring

0.0097

(0.0033–0.0279)

0.0096

(0.0059–0.0212)

0.0101

(0.0007–0.035)

0.0046

(0.0046–0.0046)

0.0355

(0.0026–0.1425)

0.0031

(0.0022–0.0037)

0.005

(0.003–0.0184)

1.872

(0.0259–28.5408)

-

Summer

0.0033

(0.0080–0.0491)

0.0111

(0.0022–0.0335)

0.0043

(0.0004–0.0066)

0.0017

(0.0008–0.0037)

0.3177

(0.1254–4.085)

0.0029

(0.0009–0.0057)

0.0024

(1 × 10−4−0.0058)

0.1427

(0.03299–20.82)

-

Heating season

LNV

0.0137

(0.0033–0.0279)

0.009

(0.0059–0.0146)

0.0145

(0.00747–0.035)

0.0046

(0.0046–0.0046)

0.019

(0.0026–0.0685)

0.003

(0.002–0.004)

0.0058

(0.003–0.0184)

2.5733

(0.8281–9.5916)

0.1334

(0.0039–4.4449)

UHI

0.0297

(0.0278–0.0318)

0.0099

(0.0074–0.0157)

0.015

(0.0086–0.0482)

0.1023

(0.0046–0.4838)

0.0348

(0.0179–0.0663)

0.003

(0.002–0.004)

0.0021

(0.0019–0.0024)

1.6376

(0.6644–5.1)

0.0667

(0.0178–1.0387)

HV

0.0039

(0.0039–0.0039)

0.0088

(0.0062–0.0104)

0.016

(0.0073–0.0986)

0.002

(0.002–0.002)

0.0171

(0.0036–0.0442)

0.0034

(0.0023–0.0047)

0.0018

(0.0018–0.0018)

2.3394

(1.5468–3.4389)

0.0773

(0.0135–2.041)

Non-heating season

LNV

0.0033

(8.048 × 10−5−0.0491)

0.0111

(0.0022–0.0179)

0.0043

(0.0004–0.1228)

0.0017

(0.0008–0.0037)

0.207

(0.003–4.094)

0.003

(0.0009–0.0057)

0.0025

(1 × 10−4−0.1205)

0.2339

(0.0259–28.5408)

0.1064

(0.01351–0.9358)

UHI

0.0027

(0.0002–0.0503)

0.0063

(0.0017–0.0122)

0.0035

(0.0007–0.0225)

0.0008

(0.0002–0.0023)

0.0844

(0.0022–0.9358)

0.0035

(0.0008–0.234)

0.0017

(0.0004–0.0045)

0.08277

(0.01439–9.1237)

0.0907

(0.0041–7.2521)

HV

0.004

(0.0004–0.0594)

0.005

(0.0004–0.0127)

0.0039

(0.0007–0.069)

0.0014

(0.0008–0.0045)

0.0703

(0.001–0.234)

0.003

(0.001–0.006)

0.0017

(0.0002–0.0132)

0.1363

(0.0202–8.1879)

0.0335

(0.0016–0.7018)

Haze level

Non-haze day†

0.004

(8.048 × 10−5−0.0346)

0.0107

(0.0022–0.0498)

0.0082

(0.0004–0.1228)

0.0018

(0.0007–0.0046)

0.0464

(0.0005–4.094)

0.004

(0.001–0.0232)

0.0026

(1 × 10−4−0.1205)

0.4679

(0.0007–28.5408)

0.1351

(0.005–1.1472)

Haze day†

0.0036

(0.0015–0.0089)

0.0123

(0.0069–0.0174)

0.0144

(0.0057–0.041)

0.0015

(0.0014–0.0016)

0.0072

(0.0002–0.0685)

0.0026

(0.0006–0.0069)

0.0022

(0.0008–0.0034)

0.2339

(0.0017–3.8834)

0.0585

(0.0039–4.3513)

  1. †Non-haze day: < 75 µg/m3; Haze day: PM2.5 ≥ 75 µg/m3. ARGs: antimicrobial-resistant genes. -: not detected, UHI: urban heat island, HV: high vegetation coverage (garden), LNV: Low or no vegetation (playground).
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