Table 11 Comparison of the proposed method with state-of-the-art neural style transfer approaches.

From: Applying deep learning for style transfer in digital art: enhancing creative expression through neural networks

Method

Content preservation (SSIM)

Style fidelity (style loss)

Processing time (s)

Memory usage (MB)

Observations

Gatys et al.2

0.80

0.92

15.2

1500

High style fidelity but computationally intensive due to iterative optimization

Johnson et al.8

0.85

0.88

2.3

800

Faster with real-time capability but limited flexibility for multiple styles

Huang and Belongie9

0.82

0.85

1.5

500

Efficient with arbitrary style transfer but moderate style fidelity

Proposed method

0.88

0.90

2.0

600

Superior balance between style and content with improved efficiency