Fig. 9
From: Aerodynamic analysis and ANN-based optimization of NACA airfoils for enhanced UAV performance

Velocity profiles for NACA 2412, NACA 0012, and NACA 4415 airfoils at angles of attack of \(-\,5^{\circ }\), \(0^{\circ }\), and \(5^{\circ }\). The colors represent velocity magnitude, with red indicating higher velocities and blue indicating lower velocities.