Fig. 1

Left) EOS imaging: The headrest was used, and the distances between elbows and between elbows and floor were measured to record the posture. Right) Optical 3D scanning of the patient’s back with nine radiopaque spherical markers on anatomical landmarks (C7, left and right medial end of the scapular spine (MSS), left and right inferior scapular angle (ISA), T12, L5, and left and right posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)) and pen markings from C7 to L5 along the spinous process line (SPL).